Key learnings from 6 years of Nitrogen x Crop Rotation Trials at Gol Gol

Long-term trial insights into break crops, nitrogen management, and system performance in Mallee farming systems.

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  • Rotation drives yield outcomes

    Crop sequence (break type) was the dominant driver of yield differences, largely through its influence on nitrogen carryover and the cereal yield ceiling in wheat and barley.

  • Balance profitability and system function

    Lentils generally provided the strongest whole-rotation profitability, while vetch hay offered a lower-risk option with useful income and maintained cereal performance, and vetch brown manure delivered the greatest nitrogen benefit but with no in-season income.

  • Manage nitrogen strategically with moisture protection

    Most yield gains came from correcting in-crop nitrogen deficiency, with ~30 kg N/ha identified as the most cost-effective rate, while additional N should be guided by break crop history, protein targets, and seasonal conditions, alongside good moisture conservation and timely sowing.

Project Overview

Long-Term Cropping System Insights from Gol Gol

This long-term trial at Gol Gol, NSW, examined how break-crop choice and nitrogen (N) fertiliser rates interact within diverse Mallee cropping systems across north-west Victoria and far western New South Wales.

Over six years, the trial compared multiple legume and non-legume break crops followed by wheat and barley under a range of nitrogen fertiliser rates. It provides local, practical evidence on crop yield, grain protein, nitrogen balance, and profitability, showing that rotation choice has a greater influence on system performance than increasing fertiliser nitrogen alone. The results highlight that nitrogen is most effective when it complements a well-chosen rotation rather than replacing its benefits.

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